The semiconductors have the conductivity which is between the conductors and the insulators. A few circuits illustrating their applications will also be described. Theory of transistors and other semiconductor devices 1. Calculation of density of state for free electrons. Most semiconductors are formed from elements from groups ii, iii, vi, v, vi of the periodic table. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Diffusion, electric potential and field, nonuniformly doped semiconductor.
Power semiconductor devices are broadly categorized into 3 types. A semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity value in between that of a conductor and an insulator. In early transistors, electrons can be treated purely as point particles. Semiconductor ii silicon is the most common material used to build semiconductor devices. This course seeks to cover the basics of semiconductor devices including the physics of energy bands, doping and carrier statistics and transport leading up to the understanding of common semiconductor devices including pn junctions and their applications, bjts and mosfets. The pn junction is a versatile element, which can be used as a. Doped semiconductors ntype materials ptype materials diodes and transistors. Conduction in metals metals are filled with electrons. Nov 15, 2018 60 videos play all fundamentals of semiconductor devices iisc bangalore july 2018 7 essential knots you need to know duration. One can imagine, the semiconductor industry is much more profitable than steel industry. Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. Ee lecture notes university of california, berkeley.
In 1911 kamerlingh onnes and one of his assistants discovered the phenomenon of superconductivity while studying the resistance of metals at low temperatures. Introduction semiconductors are materials whose electronic properties are intermediate between those of metals and insulators. An introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. They have conductivities in the range of 10 4 to 10 4sm. Pierret although roughly a halfcentury old, the field of study associated with semiconductor devices continues to be dynamic and exciting. Physics fundamental concepts of semiconductors nptel.
Introduction to nanoelectronics 9 x v u e in part 1, the quantum particle. Introduction to mesoscopic physics download ebook pdf. A pn junction is the metallurgical boundary between the n and pregions of a semiconductor crystal. Download semiconductor device fundamentals by robert f. Debroglie proposed the concept of matter waves, according to which a material particle of. Nptel syllabus condensed matter physics video course course outline this is an advanced course on condensed matter physics at postgraduate level and it is proposed to introduce students of physics to various fundamental concepts of condensed matter physics and materials science. Lecture notes on power electronics veer surendra sai. Distributed under creative commons attributionsharealike cc bysa. Pn junction diode technology innovation and incubation.
If you are not able to download lectures due to bandwidth constraints, you can obtain the courses in dvds by paying a nominal fee to cover the cost of storage media and distribution. Pn junctions consist of two semiconductor regions of opposite type. The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p and ntype dopants. Charged particle motion, collisions, plasma fluid theory, waves in cold plasmas, wave propagation through inhomogeneous plasmas, magnetohydrodynamic fluids and waves in warm plasmas. Schubert quantum mechanics applied to semiconductor devices. While the number of devices in complex integrated circuits increases and the size of chips decreases, semiconductor. Semiconductors are materials whose electronic properties are intermediate between those of metals and insulators.
Solid state physics part ii optical properties of solids. Most optical semiconductor devices are optoelectronic pnjunction devices, such as laser diodes, lightemitting diodes, and photodiodes. Vertical cavity surface emitting laser vcsel pdf unavailable. Power semiconductor devices the first scr was developed in late 1957. Hall voltage is the potential di erence across the semiconductor that is produced by the hall eld. Common for cse it course code category hours week credits maximum marks bsc101 foundation l t p foundation l t 3 1 4 3 1. If both types of dopants are present, the one present in higher concentration determines the type of the semiconductor. Writing a book on semiconductor device physics and design is never complete and probably never completely satisfying. Page 1 introduction a semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator. Jun 16, 2017 semiconductors ppt and pdf report free. The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an. Basics of semiconductor devices indian institute of. J x qn where j is the current density, n is the number of carriers and q is the charge defining the hall coefficient, r h 1qn, then e. The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an external electrical field.
Alan doolittle lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. Ec is the lowest possible conduction band energy, while ev is the highest possible valence band energy. Yu and cardona, fundamentals of semiconductors, springer verlag 1996 1. Semiconductors ppt and pdf report free study mafia. Semiconductor devices make modern information technology possible. Basics of semiconductor devices dinesh sharma microelectronics group. But in nanoelectronics the position, energy and momentum of an electron must be described probabilistically.
Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. It was first discovered by the dutch physicist heike kamerlingh onnes, who was the first to liquefy helium which boils at 4. You will gain valuable experience in semiconductor physics, pn junctions, metal semiconductor contacts, bipolar junction transistors, metaloxide. This semiconductor devices specialization is designed to be a deep dive into the fundamentals of the electronic devices that form the backbone of our current integrated circuits technology. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture 4. Applying on the sample the magnetic field b 0, 0, b r, a potential difference uh, called hall bias, appears between its lateral faces, on the direction normal to both e r. Fundamentals of semiconductor devices about the course. Electronic and optoelectronic properties of semiconductors singh.
Semiconductors, diodes, transistors horst wahl, quarknet presentation, june 2001 electrical conductivity. The resultant free electron can freely move under the application of electric field. Karmalkar, department of electrical engineering, iit madras. It is seen that the richness of quantum physics will greatly a ect the future generation technologies in many aspects. The text is intended for use in a first or second year course on semiconductors at the associate or baccalaureate level. Applications of pn junctions and details of metalsemiconductor. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. Semiconductor materials are a subclass of materials distinguished by the existence of a range of disallowed. Oct 09, 2014 an introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and industry. Such junctions show a pronounced rectifying behavior. Physics 468 and flow of charge carriers in the semiconductor devices are within the solid itself, while in the earlier vacuum tubesvalves, the mobile electrons were obtained from a heated cathode and they were made to flow in an evacuated space or vacuum. Devices made from semiconductor materials are the foundation of modern electronics, including ratio, computers.
Physics semiconductor optoelectronics by national programme on technology enhanced learning. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, autum 20 17 december. Devises made from semiconductor materials are the foundation of. Ee lecture handouts pdf format download adobe acrobat to read pdf files. The interesting feature about semiconductors is that they are bipolar and current is transported. Introduction to plasma physics this is considered as a complete set of lecture notes for a graduate plasma physics course. While its rather easy to understand what a transistor does. Semiconductor and simple circuitsnot to be republished. Free electron theory of metals and concept of fermi energy. Multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory.
Ppt semiconductor physics powerpoint presentation free to. Dec 28, 2008 lecture series on solid state devices by dr. Lecture 2 semiconductor physics i february 6, 2003 contents. Review of semiconductor physics a energy level diagrams showing the excitation of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Weve learned about how physical phenomena can represent and communicate information, and will learn about how it can be input, stored, and output, but here we turn to the essential electronic devices that transform it. Hall effect in semiconductors drift velocity for an electron in the xdirection is. Many of these, typically one or two per atom in the metal, are free to move about throughout the metal. Lectures from the national programme on technology enhanced learning physics semiconductor optoelectronics.
Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. Lecture 1 introduction on solid state devices youtube. The semiconductor materials, lecture notes for mse 223 by e. Wave mechanics applied to semiconductor heterostructures bastard. Thyristors 10kv,300a,30mw thyristor is a four layer three junction pnpn semiconductor switching device. Lecture 2 basic semiconductor physics in this lecture you will learn. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. No nptel information summary status courses lectures 1 nptel video courses 2003 to october 2018 completed 1164 49,523 2 nptel video courses january 2019 to april 2019 new courses 144 3 nptel video courses pdf transcription completed 1144 47,336 4 nptel video courses subtitle transcription completed 1129 46,243. A unique feature of the semiconductors is that they are bipolar in nature and in them, the current is transported by the electrons and holes. Nptel physics fundamental concepts of semiconductors. But in nanoelectronics the position, energy and momentum of. We shall concentrate largely on elemental semiconducors such as silicon or germanium, and most numerical values used for examples are speci c to silicon. Lecture 2 basic semiconductor physics cornell university.
New and improved devices are being developed at an. The semiconductor equations relating these variables are given below. Gilbert ece 340 lecture 9 091712 intrinsic carrier concentrations we recall that by using the density of states and the fermi function for electrons. Similarly, holes are the majority carriers in a semiconductor doped with acceptors and it is termed p type. Material, devices and simple circuits to score high marks in exams, prepared by expert physics teachers from latest edition of cbsencert books.
Hall eld is an electric eld perpendicular to the direction of current ow generated by the hall e ect. New and improved devices are being developed at an almost frantic pace. No external heating or large evacuated space is required by the semiconductor devices. Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item.
When an electric field is applied, the electrons move in the direction opposite. A semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are also called pn diodes in analogy with vacuum diodes. Basic crystal structure of semiconductors electrons and holes in semiconductors intrinsic semiconductors extrinsic semiconductors ndoped and pdoped semiconductors ece 315 spring 2005 farhan rana cornell university. Click download or read online button to get introduction to mesoscopic physics book now. Lecture 2 semiconductor physics i september, 2005 contents. Multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well. Nptel physics 43 placement preparation 7 nptel textile engineering 14 flipkart courses 39 gate preparation using nptel content 9 nptel courses for anna university syllabus 40 ies exam preparation using nptel content 55 bsnl management trainee general 29 nptel online certification courses 108. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. When a doped semiconductor contains mostly free holes it is called ptype, and when it contains mostly free electrons it is known as ntype. I wasnt wellversed in semiconductor physics or technology. Applications illustrated with computergenerated animations. The goal of this text, as its name implies, is to allow the reader to become proficient in the analysis and design of circuits utilizing discrete semiconductor devices. Under the action of the external electric field e e, 0, 0 r, through the semiconductor sample flows a current i.
Neudeck and pierret advanced semiconductor fundamentals dimitrijev understanding semiconductor devices mayer and lau electronic materials science colclaser and diehlnagle materials and devices for electrical engineers and physicists tipler physics for scientists and engineers v4. It progresses from basic diodes through bipolar and field effect transistors. The main interest in the field of optoelectronic devices has shifted from device physics and operation principles to device applications. Optoelectronic semiconductor devices principals and.
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